The importance of strategic information

The significance of key data Conceptual In a worldwide commercial center, data has risen as a specialist and empowering agent of new seriousness for todays venture. Anyway the worldview of vital arranging changes adequately to help the new job of data and innovation. The inquiry is, are changes can bolster the new job of data and innovation and what is the connection between vital data framework arranging with the improvement database in an association. In this manner, the improvement of key data framework arranging is significance in an association. Key data framework arranging (SISP) is the way toward making a portfolio dependent on the utilization of data framework so as to accomplish hierarchical objectives and destinations. Inside SISP, hierarchical can plainly characterize their authoritative objectives, the basic achievement factor (CSF) and the issue zones inside the association action. This article is to talk about the significance of SISP and its relationship with hierarchical database improvement and execution. Catchphrases Key Information System Planning, SISP, DBMS, CSF, EI Presentation A succeed association will have appropriate SISP to drive the association to accomplish their business needs and business objectives. For that, SISP is creating to ensure that all exercises bolster associations marketable strategy and simultaneously line up with its business needs and business objectives. SISP is likewise use to anticipate the association future. Inside SISP, association can stay away from hindrance that they foresee in a drawn out arranging. Rockart (1979) expressed that top administration firm doesnt very little enthusiasm to the connection between data framework work and corporate methodology. He additionally said data framework is treated as some back-room activity on the side of everyday activity in an association. As alluded to Lederer A. L ( 1996), key data framework arranging is one of the significant issues as a result of it is regularly face the disappointment while actualize it. Numerous applications suggested by key data framework arranging examines are regularly dismissed while numerous different applications are actualized. Key data framework arranging is imperative to an association since it can impact an association well, and is hard to achieve, it is a real objective for research. Factor influencing vital data framework arranging incorporate top administration of IS that are IS supervisors and boss data official (CIO) underscore the significance of their relationship with the Chief Executive Officer (CEO). Those closer to the CEO have a superior comprehension of the CEOs desires. It is a great idea to have a decent connection among CIO and different specialty unit for acquiring comprehension and backing of current and expected customers. Absence of the board responsibility and the nonattendance of the control system important to guarantee the accomplishment of the plans can hinder its execution. Key Information System Planning As per Lederer and Sethi (1988) in 1980s, the idea of vital data framework arranging (SISP) advanced. They accompany the two idea of SISP. The first is SISP seen as the way toward recognizing an arrangement of PC based applications that will help an association in accomplishing the field-tested strategy and simultaneously accomplish the business association objectives. In the mean time the subsequent one is SISP included scanning for application with a high effect and with the capacity to make a preferred position over contenders to increase upper hand. In view of the hypothesis of SISP, it very well may be characterize that the way toward recognizing an arrangement of PC based applications to be actualized lined up with the corporate methodology and can make a favorable position over contenders. Association objectives is break down by characterizing what precisely association trust so as to achieve the objectives. After association objectives have been investigated, at that point basic achievement factor will assessed with the goal that it will influence the association objectives and target in long haul. Basic achievement factor is the component that association should know and should work so as to get by in the business ecological. What's more, ultimately, recognize the issue territories which are the shortcomings that association as of now have. SISP help association in general vital arranging process in adequately and effectively. Rogerson and Fidler (1994), an investigation on fulfillment utilizing SISP demonstrated that most association that utilized SISP in running their activity increasingly happy with the arranging procedure and result than the individuals who didn't execute explicit SISP technique. SISP members incorporate top business, useful region, and data framework the executives. In an association, the achievement of IS plan can be resolved with the contribution and responsibility of senior administration. Inclusion of senior administration is critical to decide if the achievement or disappointment of the undertaking. Senior administration was the excess behind the achievement of the venture. Inside SISP additionally can be utilized to improve the correspondence between top administration and clients with respect to IT. This really increase top administration responsibility. Correspondence and responsibility will likewise help in progressively the perceivability of IT in association. The reason for SISP is to guarantee that the IT association line up with the vital objectives of association. Arrangement of IT association and business objectives has been utilized to control and guarantee that business objectives will accomplish and all the activity incorporated the IT and IS that utilized in running the association will keep in track. As alluded to Earl (1993) , SISP arrangement will likewise help in distinguishing vital applications, recognizing new and higher recompense applications, and building up a data engineering. Associations likewise utilize the SISP to help in estimating and allotting IT assets. With SISP, additionally can stay away from loss of control of IS/IT in an association. SISP is required for the framework to guarantee the framework that utilized in the association coordinated with other framework or not. Without SISP in an association, may prompt botched chance, copy framework, contradictory framework and squandered assets. Significance of Strategic Information System Planning The significance of SISP in an association has been all around reported inside the IS writing. Inside SISP, the incorporation of IS work inside association can be encourage. Also, SISP underpins the recognizable proof of chances to utilize data frameworks for key reason. SISP likewise guarantees that sufficient assets or the utilization of scant assets are allotted to basic application and the utilization of assets in appropriately way. With SISP, can guarantees that the IS work bolster the hierarchical objectives and destinations and furthermore the exercises at each level. Having a decent vital data framework arranging in association, will decide if the association will achievement or disappointment. The motivation behind why association needs great vital data framework arranging is that it can assist association with avoiding abused of scant assets. By arranging, just tasks that can produce great returns will get financial specialists from the firm. A decent arranging is critical to evade issue, for example, the abuse and squandered assets in type of framework that no one loves and utilized the framework adequately. At the point when another framework created, previous framework can be utilized to convey or interface appropriately and simultaneously maintain a strategic distance from the issue of Islands of robotization. This can be occur if the association has appropriate making arrangements for their association. Before build up another framework, arranging is essential to ensure the smooth of business activity. Most importantly, the association ought to distinguish their requirements. Advancement of framework ought to be a reaction to require whether at the exchange preparing level or at the more perplexing data and emotionally supportive network levels. Needs, destinations and approval for data framework ventures should be formalized first. The framework advancement plan ought to distinguish the venture assets that required the methodology, and imperatives for every application zone. Arranging ought to be adaptable to alter the needs if essential. Besides, to encourage comprehension of every application the arrangement must be sufficiently explicit. As per King, (King, 1995) in his article has contended that a vital capacity engineering mu st adaptable and ceaselessly improving foundation of hierarchical abilities and simultaneously gain companys economical upper hand. It is imperative to have SISP to expand the advantages of changing innovation and to assess the various perspectives of business experts and IT experts. Framework ventures are made to help business destinations and furthermore to increase deficient foundation. SISP is significant in light of the fact that it underscores the need to apply IT as a powerful influence for and here and there impact vital heading of the enterprise is generally acknowledged by specialists. This is especially obvious in contemporary conditions where outfitting the intensity of innovation assets could be basic for seriousness. Relationship with Organizational Database Development Information are the crude material from which data is created. Subsequently, it isn't astounding that in todays data driven condition, information are a significant resource that requires cautious administration. To get to figures fiscal worth, information that put away in organization database are information about clients, providers, stock, and tasks, etc. Envision that all the information in the database misfortune. What will occur if the circumstance like that occur? Information misfortune places any organization in a troublesome position. The organization may be not able to deal with day by day activity viably; it may be confronted with the loss of clients who require snappy and effective assistance, and it may lose the chance to increase new clients. Information are a significant asset that c

Essay Topics on Gender Stereotypes - Research and Experimentation

Essay Topics on Gender Stereotypes - Research and ExperimentationWhen trying to come up with essay topics for high school students, it is essential to consider their gender. The chances are good that there will be many essay topics for males and one or two that will focus on females. That is just the way things are. It takes a smart student to put gender into the context of the essay, and that is what I will discuss in this article.Gender roles are largely defined by society. The old adage 'a man's word is his bond' is a saying that needs to be revisited in light of how our society views women and girls in the workplace. Women are now as valued as men, and society seems to be of the opinion that women are as hard working as men, and much more.As a young woman, these kinds of ideas will never cross your mind, but they have to be considered when it comes to a particular essay topic on gender stereotypes. It is always important to read about and study the different roles that are assign ed to women and girls in society. The most obvious of which is motherhood. Mothers have become well known for their strong work ethic, often times competing with men in the work place. These characteristics in women, regardless of their career choices, should be mentioned in an essay topic on gender stereotypes.Another essay topics on gender stereotypes that requires some attention is the typical ways that men and boys act, dress, and behave. This essay will often focus on stereotyped traits or characteristics of the male body or childlike behavior. If you are writing an essay on stereotypes, this is a great topic for you to consider. Both men and women can benefit from reading this kind of information, so long as it is related to a topic of concern for the reader.When creating essay topics on gender stereotypes, it is also important to think about how we treat people based on their gender. In all aspects of life, men and women are different, and society views them differently. Ther e are numerous times that I have heard parents express disappointment that their children have not completely understood everything that they learned from college and advanced studies. The fact that gender differences exist is something that no parent can escape, even when they raise a son or daughter of the opposite sex.One way to get the point across to students without the need for a group discussion is to consider one-on-one interaction. It can be amazing what can be accomplished when children are given some time to express themselves. This is a great way to start a dialogue on an important subject. After all, everyone wants to learn about things that are unfamiliar to them. And that is where the art of conversation comes in.When approaching topics on gender, it is best to choose topics that are easy to understand and analyze. It might not be that easy to determine exactly why males and females act and react differently, but it is imperative to find out. For example, one of the most common stereotypes is that a boy may be a good actor but will not be accepted into the acting world until he is a teenager. This is simply not true. Becoming an actor does not require a boy to be a teenager to do so.So remember, essay topics on gender stereotypes should be researched, and consider ideas such as those mentioned above. Even the most well intentioned students can make a mistake with gender stereotypes and let the wrong assumptions and ideas affect the way that others view them. I hope that through the research and experimentation that I have been able to conduct, I have provided some insight into the topic of gender roles. It is never too late to learn, and sometimes the knowledge of a young student is the only knowledge needed to help with the problems that they encounter in their everyday lives.

The Everglades :: Personal Narrative Writing

The Everglades â€Å"We must be cautious. We have a bog trudge virgin in the back.† When one of my educators said this, I said to myself, â€Å"Oh ruler, what have I gotten myself into?!† In the past class, I needed to miss the second of half because of family get-away plans, making me miss the trudge in Pa-Hay-Okee. I was a little vexed I needed to miss it since I would not like to be unique in relation to any other individual in the class, however I should concede I was somewhat happy in light of the fact that I loathe water. So when we were eating and discover that we would do a â€Å"minor slog† at the Clyde Butcher studio I had a conniption. Where is this photography studio that a trudge is really conceivable? Shockingly enough, it was probably the best time I have had in class all semester. I really wanted to recall Ranger Maureen’s understanding discourse. How when you experience occasions in an unexpected way, sure, it might appear to be odd, yet it permits you to encounter it in a manner you typically would not, which henceforth empowers you to understand things in a novel manner. Going to class each other week, individuals frequently ask me where I am going, and I typically simply answer, â€Å"going to the Everglades.† We drive, meet, talk about, associate a piece, and return home. Without a doubt, we have done some intriguing things, however never did I envision that I would truly be in the Everglades. We were adhering to the ground underneath us, in the wild, nothing encompassing us except for nature; I felt so outdoorsy. Be that as it may, what of baffled me somewhat still was â€Å"normal† individuals who might really do this each day of their lives. At the point when we got to the Clyde Butcher studio, and met the assistant, I was astounded to see her. Somebody who looked as lovely and stylish as her, you would not hope to see out in the center of no where, not to mention really living there! You would hope to see researcher, biologists, and other such researchers, yet not some petite youngster. A couple of us really poked a fun at her, associating to the Matthiessen book, saying that she was attempting to force away from quite a while ago and simply covering up to leave. I imply that spot does The Everglades :: Personal Narrative Writing The Everglades â€Å"We must be cautious. We have a swamp trudge virgin in the back.† When one of my teachers said this, I said to myself, â€Å"Oh ruler, what have I gotten myself into?!† In the past class, I needed to miss the second of half because of family excursion plans, making me miss the trudge in Pa-Hay-Okee. I was a little vexed I needed to miss it since I would not like to be not the same as any other person in the class, yet I should concede I was somewhat happy in light of the fact that I loathe water. So when we were eating and discover that we would do a â€Å"minor slog† at the Clyde Butcher studio I had a conniption. Where is this photography studio that a trudge is really conceivable? Shockingly enough, it was perhaps the best time I have had in class all semester. I really wanted to recollect Ranger Maureen’s understanding discourse. How when you experience occasions in an unexpected way, sure, it might appear to be odd, however it permits you to encounter it in a manner you typically would not, which thus empowers you to interpret things in an extraordinary manner. Going to class each other week, individuals frequently ask me where I am going, and I regularly simply answer, â€Å"going to the Everglades.† We drive, meet, talk about, associate a piece, and return home. In all actuality, we have done some fascinating things, yet never did I envision that I would truly be in the Everglades. We were adhering to the ground underneath us, in the wild, nothing encompassing us except for nature; I felt so outdoorsy. However, what of perplexed me somewhat still was â€Å"normal† individuals who might really do this each day of their lives. At the point when we got to the Clyde Butcher studio, and met the assistant, I was astounded to see her. Somebody who looked as beautiful and in vogue as her, you would not hope to see out in the center of no where, not to mention really living there! You would hope to see scholars, biologists, and other such researchers, however not some modest youngster. A couple of us really poked a fun at her, relating to the Matthiessen book, saying that she was attempting to force away from quite a while ago and simply stowing away to leave. I imply that spot does

Honour Killing Women

What is honour killing? Every year, hundereds of women are killed in the name of honour by their family members because they have brought shame to the family and the community. Honour killing is defined murdering a member of the family in the name of honour, it is usually the female who is murdered for bringing shame to the family. In rare cases, men are also murdered if they bring dishonour to their family or community. It is believed that honour killing is a private family affair and it should remain between the four walls of the house, no accurate statistics are available on this social evil. It should be noted that honour killing is a gender-neutral concept but overwhelming majority victims are women. The only fundamental difference is that the male accussed of dishonouring might be given a chance to explain his situation before the triabl leaders and can escape the death penalty by giving compensation to the family who has been dishonoured. Women are rarely given oppurtunaties to explain their side of the story and the only possible way to restore the honour is by killing the women who has brought shame to the family. Where does it take place? Pakistan consists of four provinces known as Sindh, Balochistan, Punjab and North West Frontier Province(NWFP). The menance known as honour killing frequently all four provinces of Pakistan. In Sindh, the practise of honour killing is known as Karo Kari, meaning black female and black male. In Balochistan it is known Siahkal. The majority of the honour killings take place in rural areas, however, there have been some reported incidents of honour killings in urban cities of Pakistan such as Karachi and Lahore. How can one be dishonoured? Honour killings for a choosing a marriage partner According to the article 16 of Universal Declaration of human rights, both men and women of full age, irrespective race, religion and nationality can enter into marriage with any partner of their choice. It is our fundamental to marry a partner of our choice, however in Pakistan, women are not encouraged to have this right because women are seen as personal property of a man, therefore women should exercise their right. Women are seen as commodity owned and controlled by their fathers, husbands and brothers. Women are not suppose to express any desires and feelings contrary to the wishes of their fathers, husbands, and brothers. Traiditionally women are not allowed to choose their partners for marriage. The head of the family, usually the father, chooses the groom. the bride does not have any say in the process and any defiance against the process is considered a taboo. Women who have been succesful in marrying partners of their choice are often threatened by their father that charges of zina(unlawful sexual relations) would be brought against them. Under the islamic law of marriage, the wali(the closest male adult relative) has the responsibilty and authority with respect to marriage, the wali is usually the father and if it can be proved that the father did not give consent to the marriage then it will be considered invalid, if marriage is invalid then any sexual relations which took place between the man and the women would amount to zina. Most of the time, family members take matters into their own hands instead of going to court. A women who married a man of her choice was murdered outside Peshawar court by her brother in the name of honour. Women seeking divorce The article 16 of Universal declaration of human rights states that men and woman should have equal rights regarding dissolution of marriage. Under Islamic marriage law, a man is allowed to divorce his wife anytime, the divorce can be given verbally but a women cannot divorce her husband, she can apply for Khula(Separation) in the court of law. Divorce is seen as a very serious problem in the muslim world and muslim women are enouraged to avoid divorce at any cost, even if it means by putting up with a severely abusive husband. In 1999, Saima Sarwar was shot dead in a lawyers office because she attempted to obtain divorce from her husband severely abusive husband. The killing was instructed by her uncle but he was soon released Qisas and Diyat laws which states that the person(s) involved in killing will go free if he is pardoned by the Wali of the victim.Her uncle went unpunised as he was pardoned by her husbad and father in the capacity of Wali. It should be noted that Saima Sarwar belonged to a upper-class prominent family, her father is a entrepenuer and the mother is a doctor, this case shows the social evil in question is a cause of concern for both rural and urban population. The local newspapers in the region overwhemingly supported the killing, arguing that it was accordance to the tradition and therefore it cannot be a crime. Honour killings for rape A woman brings shame to the family if she becomes a victim of rape. In 1999, a 16 year old mentally-retarded girl was raped on many occasions by junior clerk of the local government department of agriculture in hotel in Parachinar, NWFP. The uncle of the girl lodged a complain, the accussed was taken into protective custody and the girl was handed to her tribe. The Jirga(tribal court) decided that she has brought shame to her tribe and the honour can only be restored by killing her. She was shot dead in front of tribal gathering. Get rich quick scheme? Ratio of honor killings is higher in those provinces where agriculture lands are abundant. Land is the main reason behind a majority of honor killing incidents in Sindh and Punjab. In overwhelming majority of cases, there is always a ulterior motive such as lust for money, land, lust for another women or to conceal other crimes. Many individuals exploit the concept of honour killing for gaining compensation or land. If both accused of karo kari are murdered then the matter usually ends but if only kari is killed and karo escapes, the karo has to compensate the affected man by giving him money, land or another women. Nafisa Shah, a leading human rights activist describes honour killing as industry which has range of stakeholders including tribes people, police administration and tribal mediators, honour killing is used as an excuse to hide sins and gain money. Police accept bribes of about 7000 rupees(equivalent to 70) for not investigating claims of honour killing. The International Law International human rights law recognises honour crimes as a form violence against women, therefore it is a direct violation womens right to life and security; freedom from torture and cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment; and the right to equality before the law and equal protection of the law. Honor crimes also violate rights guaranteed to women by the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), such as the right to freely choose ones spouse and the right to equality in marriage. CEDAWs General Recommendation Number 19 defines gender-based violence as a form of discrimination against women and makes explicit reference to honor crimes. CEDAW obligates States to protect women from gender-based violence, including violence committed by family members and to prevent, investigate, and punish acts of violence against women. The Convention also requires States to disqualify honor as a legal defense for acts of violence against women. The UN Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women echoes these obligations and states that, States should condemn violence against women and should not invoke any custom, tradition or religious consideration to avoid their obligations with respect to its elimination (Article 4). International human rights law is enforced through the state and by way of treaties. A state becoming the party to a international treaty will be bound by th treaty and it is the states responsibility and duty to protect the rights of the citizens. Pakistan is a party to a Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, the treaty has been ratified and as a result of that, the Pakistani government ammended the Criminal Act 2004 which makes Honour killing a punishable offence. Apart from making the ammendment to Criminal Act 2004, Pakistan has taken several other intitaves to curb honour killings and domestic violence against women: Establishment of Gender Crime Cell Gender Crime Cell was established in National Bureau on 1st April 2006 to curb violence against women. The function of the Cell is to gather, collate and analyse data on cases of violence against women. The cell will act as central repository of relevant data on cases of violence against women and it will assist top-policy makers in developing holistic and effective policy countermeasures to control the social evil volence against women. Gender and Human Rights Sensitization To sensitize the police and to further improve law enforcement response to human rights situations, a comprehensive program has been included in the cirruculum of police training schools, police training colleges and national police academy. Cooperation/Collaboration with NGOs/ Civil society National Police Bureau has welcomed visits from NGOs who monitored severall police stations across the country, the main aim was to look into the business procedures, handling of public complaints against police, infra-structure, and facilities in lock-up of the stations. According to the Government of Pakistan, all these measures will help directly or indirectly contribute against curbing crimes against women. After reading the responses submitted to UN by the Government of Pakistan regarding the issues relating to violence against women, one would get the impression that Pakistan is trying to tackle the problem, some measures have been to curb the problem mentioned but the measures taken are not adequate enough to protect women, controversial laws such as Qisas still exist which are often exploited by murderers. Qisas Law Qisas law is relates to offences involving bodily injury or loss of life. The aim of the Qisas law is to put the victims family in control, ir is up to the family members of the victim to decide whether to bring an action against the murderer or pardon the murderer. Under the law, murdering a family member virtually carries no punishment as the other family members have the right to pardon the killer. In June 2002, Zakir killed 18- year Sabiha on suspicion that she had become pregnant, Zakir was pardoned by uncle of Sabiha, therefore his crime went unpunished. In a situation like such as this, courts and law enforcement agencies cannot take further action if the pardon is granted by the family member of the victim. n 90 percent cases of honor killings, the culprits are close relatives and therefore they are easily forgiven by the family of the deceased, in order successfully tackle this social evil, Qisas and Diyat Ordinance should not be in practise at all as it allows murderers to walk away free. It is evident that more needs to be done to tacke the menance known as honour killing, but the question what can the further steps can UN take to ensure that Pakistani Government makes further ammendments to the law to ensure that no murderers goes unpunished? The role of United Nations The human rights machinery in the UN systems works in three areas: information, analyis and policy development; provision of support to human rights bodies and organs; and promotion and protection of human rights. In order for this machinery to be successful, the UN has developed human rights institutions at the country level. The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights(OHCHR) assigns human rights advisers to country teams and their aim is to advance human rights through legislative, judicial and other enforcement mechanisms. The UN has created commitees to oversee implementation of implementation human rights but the commitees have a limited power to investigate or monitor violations of human rights. The UN machinery is merely way of recording information. If a state fails to comply with demands of UN then procedures usually range from coaxing to naming and shaming, it is very rare that sanctions are imposed for human rights violations because of the undesirable consequences. UN is also having monetary problem, many of the major member states have refused to pay their assesed share of costs, the guaranteed budget of OHCHR has fallen less than half. United nations is not effective in curbing human rights violations, it has no other to make sure that the human rights are not violated, they do not have effective mechanisms to make sure that human rights are enforced and they do not have the necessary resources. Simply by signing and ratifying a treaty does not ensure that the State will carry their duties and protect human rights. The only serious measure which the UN can take is impose sanctions. It is possible to impose sanctions solely on the basis of human rights, imposing sanctions for breaches of human rights is rare. Should the UN impose sanctions to pressurize the Government? UN can impose sanctions such as diplomatic isolation , restrictions on international travel, trade and financial transactions. Sanctions is regarded a tool created to ensure that States comply with demands of UN. Imposing may seem as attractive option but it can discredited on the basis of its harsh consequences on the citizens of the state. Sanctions have a bad history as they inflict undeniable pain on the citizens which the UN is trying to protect. If UN was to impose trade and financial sanctions to pressurise Pakistan to do more to curb honour killlings, then it is highly unlikely the sanction will work because Pakistan already a poor country, 17% of the population lives under $1 a day. Pakistan economy nearly went bankrupt as a result of sanctions imposed by UN for carrying out nuclear tests. Economic sanctions means that the Pakistan economy will suffer and therefore the people of Pakistan will suffer, the overall level of poverty will increase and it is likely that honour killings will increase as well because honour killings are often carried to gain compensation or land. Sanctions will have a counter-productive effect on Pakistan, therefore it should be avoided. The role of NGOs Traditionally NGOs are considered to be more effective than United Nations, in the sense that they are better at monitoring than UN. NGOs tend to focus on one issue at a time compared to UN which focuses and many issues at a time, thus there is overload of work within the UN, therefore the procedure of monitoring is not effective. NGOs do not have any authority, it can pressurise Government by way of protest, NGOs can run aware campaigns and provide support and counciling services to the victims. NGOs cannot directlty enforce human rights, for human rights to be enforced, NGOs rely on courts, there are still loopholes in the law which favour the murderer, unless the loopholes are closed, the NGOs will not be effective. Majority of honour killings take place in remote areas such as NWFP due to poor infrastructure, as a result of poor infrastructure, it can be very difficult for NGOs to monitor remote areas of Pakistan. According to Khawar Mumtaz, a leading human rights activist said there were many as eight NGOs working in the NWFP and for betterment of women. The organisations were targeted by religious extremists, the houses of workers and directors were destroyed. The NGOs had to close their operations and flee from NWFP because of security concerns. Who else can help? Apart from the United Nations and NGOs, countries such as United Kingdom can help to tackle problems such as honour killings in Pakistan by giving them aid, which then can be used to improve the situation of human rights in Pakistan. The United Kingdom donated 2m in 2006 to set up a gender and justice protection fund, the main aim of the fund is to curb violence against women. Many critics argue that the aid which is given is not always spent on protection of human rights due to high levels of corruption within the the Government. How can we fight this social evil? Legal measures The Government of Pakistan must repeal the Qisas law as it provides a loophole for murderers to exploit, the fight against the menance cannot be won unless Pakistani Government makes further ammendments to law. Adopt a legislation which would criminalise all forms of domestic violence, The UN has developed a framework for a model legislation which can be adopted. Honour killing should be treated as a crime against the state and Preventive measures Run campaigns to inform citizens of their human rights througout the country. Currently Ministry of Law, Justice and Human Rights is running a human rights mass awareness campaign throughout the country. The campaign is approached through print and electronic media, the campaign is delivered in the form of jingles, talk shows, commercials, slogans and promotional material in the Newspapers. In remote areas such as NWFP and interior Sindh, the people dont usually have access to electronic media or newspapers. The literacy levels are low in pakistan, the literacy rate for women in 16%, this means that media is ineffective in remote areas because there is no televisions and majority of the women cannot read and write. The women who live in remote areas are most vunerable. Honour killing crimes are under-reported, as a result it is not possible to estimate the real magnitude of the problem. Monitoring and collecting information would help the Government to understand the problem better, and therefore it will enable the Government to come up with better strategy. Protective measures Provide adequate protection to human rights activists and lawyers, often leading human rights activits such as Hina Jilani and Asma Jehangir. In one incident, the two daughters of Asma Jehangir were assaulted and illegally held for several hours along with their friends by armed persons because they were making a video clip. The police did eventually arrive but failed to take any action againt the perpertrators, the police asked Asma Jehangir to remain quiet otherwise the girls would be kidnapped, raped and killed. If activists are not adequately protected by law enforcement agencies then they will not be able to fight for protection of human rights. Long term strategies Honour killing is not a recent phenomoen, similar practices have been known since ancient Roman times, when the Pater Familias (senior male within a household) retained the right to kill an unmarried but sexually active daughter or an adulterous wife. In order to fully eradicate this menance, we should look at the true root causes in order to curb this heinous crime against women. The three main factors are: Male domination Financial dependency Lack of education Male domination Both men and women should be represented equally in all public institutions, most importantly there should be proportiante representaion of women in the Government. The National Assemebly of Pakistan(equivalent to Parliament) has a total number 342 seats and 60 seats are reserved for women, only 17.5% of seats are occupied by women, in order to protect rights of women, it is imperative they are represented proportionaly in the Government. At the moment, there are few women in the Government who are holding key Government ministry, Sherry Rehman is the only women who is holding the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting which considered one of the important ministries. Recently Dr Fehmida Mirza was elected as the Speaker of National Assembly, she is the first woman is Pakistan to be elected as the Speaker of Natioanl Assembly. Late Benazir Bhutto was the first female prime minister of a muslim country. To end male domination, women should participate in politics, proportiante representation would mean that it will not possible to pass discriminatory laws in future against women such as Hudood ordinance as women would have a greater say in the law making process. Financial dependency Agriculture is the largest of economy of Pakistan, 79.8% of rural women are engaged in some sort of agricultural work. Majority of rural women have dual responsibilties, they have to look after house and work in agricultural land as well but they are grossly underpaid, in many cases they are not paid at all. Most women living in rural areas of Pakistan are not aware of their rights such as equal pay, the Government should run campaigns to empower women and inform them of their rights. The Government should run courses to give women vocational training, this would improve womens capacity to earn by increasing womens access to source of livelihood, in particular cottage industry, livestock production and agriculture. Only 9% of the jobs in the services industry of Pakistan are done by women. The Government should encourgae equal employment oppurtunities, it was only 2001 when an Act was introduced which ensures equal remunaration for men and women for work of equal value. Study carried by a NGO confirmed the widespread occurrence of sexual harrasment of women at the workplace, the Government of Pakistan been able to implement laws which adequately protect women at the workplace. Government should undertake measure to make places more safe so women could work without fear of discrimination and harassment. Lack of education Only 16% of women in Pakistan are literate. Illiteracy rates are very high Pakistan. The education sector in suffering from inadequate financing and infrastructure. The budget allocated to education sector is low, Pakistan is one of the twelve countries who spend 2% of their GDP on eduction sector. Education needs to be improved, more schools are needed in Pakistan so more girls could attend school. How practical is it to enforce rights in Pakistan? Lack of eductation and financial independence are the main factors which stop from going to relevant law authorities for protection of their human rights, low literacy rate and lack of awareness does stop women for seeking protection against violations of human rights. Also approching the judiciary through a lawyer can be a expensive proposition, therefore women do not attempt to take any action. Democracy and human rights It is believed that military regime are the worst offenders of human rights, from November 1999 to Feburary 2008, General Pervez Musharraf, a army general has enjoyed absolute power over Pakistan. In his term many human rights abuses took place such lal masjid killings and he sacked 12 judges out of 17 judges to install his own hand picked judges. General Pervez Musharrafs human rights record has been poor. Elections took place on 18th Feburary 2008, most specators believe that elections were free and fair and democracy was restored. Recently the new Government ratified a key UN human rights treaty and signed two others, this suggests that the new democratic Government is serious about human rights issues and the position of human rights should be better under the Government of Pakistan Peoples Party. For many years, a military general had absolute power over Pakistan, the military regime was rarely criticised by USA or UK because of Pakistan position against war on terror, infact he was praised by George W Bush and Tony Blair for his role despite the fact that he committed various violations of international law during his tenure, UN never imposed any economic sanctions on Pakistan, infact economic sanctions were lifted which were on Pakistan for conducting nuclear tests in 1997 after he promised support to hunt Osama bin Laden. Human rights violations in Pakistan are often ignored by major member states such USA and UK. The major member states did provide immunity to a dictator against human right violations, If USA and UK would have not supported Musharraf and would have taken steps earlier to restore democracy in Pakistan then the human rights situations would have been far improved by now. Jirga system Jirga is defined a tribal assembly consisting of male elders of the tribe. Majority of the cases relating to honour killings are decided in Jirga instead of a formal court. Jirga should be banned because the system is unfit to provide justice to women, male elders are biased towards women, trial by jirga is the prime protector of the tradition of honour killing. The tribal assembly usually consists of uneducated male elders who do not have the knowledge and the skills to judge. They do not have any jurisdiction to impose capital punishments. Sindh is the only province of Pakistan where the panchayat(equivalent to Jirgra system) have been banned, Jirga system still operational in Baluchistan and North West Frontier Province of Pakistan. Jirga system should be be completely banned throughout Pakistan, the only reason why Jirga system is still operational in rural parts of Pakistan because it seen as a cheaper alternative. Any hope? Pakistan is grappling with many crisis at the moment, the burning of judiciary is still unsolved. There is shortage flour and food prices are rising dramatically. There is severe shortage of basic neccesaties such as electricity and clean water in Pakistan. Recently, one of the most popular leader of Pakistan was shot dead. The new Pakistani Government is facing many problems and as result of that, they are not able to fully concentrate human rights issues, honour killings have rarely received any attention from the media or the new Government. We can only hope that the new Government takes positive steps to curb this social evil, so far there has been no progress made by the new Government to address this problem. Pakistan as a suffering from increasing unemployment, increasing inflation and growing anger and frustrations with the system, lack of opportunities, all these factors can lead to violence against women, all tend to build aggravation in men. At the end of the day, its the women who are at the receiving end of the vented frustration, thus violence against women occurs as a direct result.

Gender and Sexuality Essay - 2106 Words

Males and females are classed differently from the moment they are pronounced boy or girl. Gender determines the differences in power and control in which men and women have over the socioeconomic determinants of their health, lives and status in their community. Our society moulds how men and women should and should not behave and can be observed in all parts of our society. As a result of these Gender stereotypes men and women have issues which affect their health which are unique to each gender. Males for example are perceived to be greater risk takers as a whole in our society than that of females. We represent risk taking behavior with masculinity and violence, high speed driving and contact sport with the male gender. (Doyle 2005)†¦show more content†¦Women in the last thirty years or so have fought for equality among the sexes in all forms. The Women?s movement have fought hard to change this socially constructed view of our society. Due to this double burden placed o n working mothers there is a far greater demand on their bodies and an increasingly likelihood of illness in many forms as well as psychological trauma such as depression and anxiety due to the constant workload. Females in the past were argued as having a less likelihood of illness because they were not as abundant in the workforce thus giving them more relaxation time. When males retire around the age group of 55 to 65 many of them pass away early due to the dramatic change in lifestyle. They go from five days a week working nine or ten hour days to completely nothing and because they have become so adapted to the working week they change their habits, their lifestyle differs and they develop sickness and health problems. As health is seen as a holistic concept we also have to focus on the psychological side of health. Mental illnesses affect around one in every three people and an individual?s gender is a critical determinant of mental health and mental illness. Women are much more likely to develop mental health problems then males do. The most predominant of these disorders are depression, anxiety and somatic complaints.Show MoreRelatedGender, Gender And Sexuality Essay1748 Words   |  7 PagesIt has been discussed in the class lectures that Women and Gender Studies challenge the idea of whose knowledge is privileged or valued. The article â€Å"Doing Gender, Doing Class† serves as a great example to ask that question in regards to the expression of gender and sexuality, and how those two are heavily influenced by the social class construct. 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The Wrongful Conviction Of Wrongful Convictions Essay

Wrongful convictions Every year, hundreds of people get convicted wrongly as a result of criminal proceedings that are rooted in miscarriage of justice. The defendants are convicted for crimes not committed where errors are not proven until their death or having served a lot of jail time. Wrongful convictions are fueled by false witnesses, incompetence of defense lawyers and inadequate evidence among others. However, with the emergence of forensic DNA in collection of evidence, the rate of wrongful convictions has decreased in the past few years. This paper focuses on the fallibilities that lead to miscarriage of justice and what role technology has played in correcting and mitigating the previously erroneous judicial system. Introduction Many people continue to languish in jails all over the word while others have since faced capital punishment as a result of wrongful convictions. It is from this premise that innovation through DNA analysis has come to provide the much needed relief in correcting these errors. While there are many factors related to wrongful convictions, miscarriage of justice stands as the main culprit with many of these cases being faced with lack of conclusive or efficient investigations. There are several factors that come out as the main factors in contributing to miscarriage of justice such as false confessions, eyewitness misidentification, outdated evidence collection methods, snitches, incompetent lawyers and government misconduct among others.Show MoreRelatedWrongful Conviction And Wrongful Convictions1704 Words   |  7 PagesJones 8 Shantil Jones Georgia State University Wrongful Convictions April 17, 2016 Since the very beginning of time our Founding Fathers and those that basically built the foundation of this country left a lot of responsibility in the hands of our government and the bases of religion. 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Misconduct by the police and the Crown not disclosing important information led to Henry’ wrongful conviction. A wrongful conviction can be described as â€Å"a conviction of a person who was factually innocent† (Colvin, 2009). Also according to Colvin the leading culprits in wrongful convictions are: eyewitnesses, misidentification, investigative misconductRead MoreWrongful Convictions1074 Words   |  5 PagesWrongful Convictions 2 Causes of Wrongful Convictions There are three main causes of wrongful convictions in the United States. This leads to wrongful punishment and causes turmoil for everyone involved. It then creates multiple feelings on everyone’s behalf, therefore; leaving no choice but to choose sides. Should capital punishment be enforced or not enforced. To what extent do you believe the death penalty should be improvised? 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There are many issues that contribute to putting guiltless lives behind bars including: eyewitness misidentification, false confessions, imperfect forensic science, and more (Gould and Leo 18). When a witness is taken into a police station to identify a suspect, it is easy for their memories to be blurred and their judgment influenced. This can lead the witnessRead MoreThe Death Penalty And Wrongful Convictions980 Words   |  4 Pagesis wrongful convictions. Advocates of the death penalty say that, while wrongful convictions are an issue, those few cases do not outweigh the need for lawful execution of felons who are, without a doubt, guilty. On the other hand, the opponents argue that the death penalty is wrong from both a legal and moral standpoint, an ineffective form of punishment, and shoul d, ultimately, be outlawed. 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Fundamentals of Occupational Conflict Resolution - Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Fundamentals of Occupational Conflict Resolution. Answer: Introduction The conflict is about two workers who find it difficult to work together using a Boom Lift or a bracket installation. Below the worker was another one who was plastering the walls and their strategic positions was the reasons why they were conflicting. Compromise was needed to settle the conflict with importance put on health and safety issues. It was agreed that the bracket installation was to be completed first and later the plastering work should continue (Druckman and Diehl, 2006). In professional practice and development while settling a conflict, a person should appreciate and practice the benefits of ensuring that there is good health and safety practice. As part of professional developments, the person should ensure the importance of professional ethics and contractual obligations. A person should also demonstrate a personal commitment to development using lifelong learning (Friend and Kohn, 2007). Leadership should also be demonstrated as a student of professional practice and development. Reflective Model: Gibbs Reflective Cycle In this I have used Gibbs Reflective cycle to determine the root cause of the problem and what to do to the problem. In Gibbs cycle, four stages are involved, having an experience, reviewing the experience, concluding from the experience and planning the next steps in the experience. The problem was how to work together reducing conflicts while putting good safety and health issues first (Report on client safety, Health Canada's Non-Insured Health Benefits Program, 2010). For above building and construction conflict situation, I had a brief understanding of the description in the mentioned conflict situation while empathetically respecting the feelings of the parties. I was tasked to make careful evaluation of the incident giving consideration to each parties work at the site. After evaluation of the problem, I was tasked to analyze the situation as fast as possible while giving much importance to health and safety. Importance of safety at the work place is all I have been talking about and that is what I have been tasked to do. After much reflection on the Gibbs model, my conclusion was to create awareness and not to be biased to any particular party. If a situation of a kind happens again, the action plan would remain the same relating to health and safety in the workplace that is the environment and the people. The code of conduct is relevant in activities where skills is required. Health and safety professionals owe primary loyalty to the people at risk by ensuring professional independence while executing duties. Code of conduct requires absolute honesty, diligence and doing the right thing. Non-compliance with the code of conduct may be investigated by the IOSH. Acting fairly, being honest and a demonstration of integrity is key to confidence in a profession. In this case, code of conduct was set to help the two workers know what is best in the profession (Construction site safety, 2013). Solving conflicts using the code of conduct guidelines entails honesty being put as part of the conflict resolution mechanism and that ensures that no party feels aggrieved. In interpretation of facts , the two decided that one should allowed to finish his work then the other to follow suite as part of health and safety procedures. Team management leadership Clear leadership and team management must be demonstrated. There are different styles of leadership which can be used, they include; transformational, charismatic, transactional, narcissistic, authoritative and many more (Daft, 2011). The best leadership style scores the most points in team management. When settling the conflict, I sat down with the two parties, explained the situation on health and safety and settled the conflict amicably through compromise as a tool. It is important to ensure that a leader is respected and not feared although both are effective leadership management tools (Construction site safety, n.d.). on too many occasions, we see the parties most concerned about negotiating in terms of winning or losing. When the parties request the mediation service, they are surprised that the mediator explains to them that it is about finding the solution that is best for all involved and that the important thing is that everyone wins. It is difficult to think that there is no winner and loser when we are facing a process of family mediation, that everyone can listen and understand what the other says and go from a winning and defeated "scheme", strong and weak, winner and loser, to a plane of equality of conditions to speak, to be heard and to be valued in its pretensions. Safety is all that I am concerned with right now (Pain, n.d.). Change is inevitable. Everything depends on the way you want to resolve conflicts. If you approach from the aggressive perspective you can get the victory but causing harm to others, and if it is approached from the passive posture that will be harmed, it will possibly be you. Of course, everything also depends on the nature of the conflict, the interests that are at stake, the personality or principles of those involved, among many other factors (Burns, 2012) How to identify hidden conflicts chronic problems Conflict appears as the manifestation of a problem that needs a solution conducive to finding alternatives that resolve and meet the needs of all those involved, in order to adopt a satisfactory, durable and stable agreement for all. By questioning,I wanted to know what was right and what is wrong. The good thing is that questions lead to answers that can be used to solve conflicts. If two parties ask each other questions, then the question become the basis of solutions that are sort after. Conclusion While using the Gibbs reflective model, facts and opinions are involved in conflict resolution. I actively listened and understood the intention behind the many issues that affect the work place safety and health. Safety determined by behavior. When the behavior is good then safety also increases while when the behavior is bad safety decreases. It is important to note that the behavior is a product of the environment and the environment is determined by many other factors. Safety and health increases when the behavior is good. References Burns, J. (2012).Leadership. New York, NY: Open Road Integrated Media. Construction site safety. (2013). Kings Lynn: CITB-ConstuctionSkills. Construction site safety. (n.d.). . Daft, R. (2011).Leadership. [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar]: South Western Cengage learning. Druckman, D. and Diehl, P. (2006).Conflict resolution. London: SAGE. Friend, M. and Kohn, J. (2007).Fundamentals of occupational safety and health. Lanham: Scarecrow. Pain, S. (n.d.).Safety, Health and Environmental Auditing. Report on client safety, Health Canada's Non-Insured Health Benefits Program. (2010). Ottawa: Health Canada.